This type of ammunition is designed to incapacitate people through blunt trauma, but without penetrating the skin or causing permanent injury. Common calibers include 12 gauge (shotgun), 37/38 mm, and 40 mm. A wide range of projectiles are available (including blocks, balls, cylinders and fabric bags filled with pellets), using materials such as wood, plastic, and rubber. Projectiles should be thoroughly tested to ensure that they are capable of striking within a 10-centimeter diameter of the targeted point when fired from the designated range, and do not impact with excessive kinetic energy.
When inaccurate or improperly targeted, these projectiles can cause serious injuries and even death, especially if they hit head, neck, or other vulnerable areas. The risk of hitting and injuring bystanders due to inaccurate firing is also a serious concern. This type of ammunition should only ever be used by trained officers who can accurately target individuals posing a threat, in compliance with the principles of necessity and proportionality.
The manufacture, trade, and use of ammunition containing single non-metallic projectiles should be carefully controlled and subject to robust standards to ensure that it is not used to violate human rights.
