These weapons are small, usually pistol-shaped and can fit one or more cartridges, on to the end of the weapon. These cartridges usually contain 2 darts (or probes) attached to thin wires. When fired from the cartridge, the probes deliver an electric shock to the target individual, remaining attached to the weapon by the wires. They deliver a high-voltage shock that causes the target individual to lose muscle control (neuro-muscular incapacitation).
The use of these weapons causes severe pain as well as incapacitation and loss of muscle control, which can result in secondary injuries through falls. Studies have also found a risk of cardiac, respiratory, and brain injuries and complications, including a number of cases where death has occurred subsequent to the use of the weapon. These weapons are open to misuse through sustained or multiple shocks, or through shocks on vulnerable areas of the body. The direct contact mode has no legitimate law enforcement use
